Database Authors
Summary Acinetobacter baumannii is considered the most important nosocomial species of the genus Acinetobacter [Peleg08] due to its antimicrobial resistivity. It is a oxidase-negative aerobe, coccobacillus, capable of non-flagellated motility and biofilm formation, and is a cause of a range of both community and hospital-acquired infections. Some strains, capable of "escaping' the biocidal action of most antibiotics, are currently responsible for the majority of hospital infections in the U.S., placing them among the list of ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) of major concern for public health [Boucher09]. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are also on the list of critical priority bacteria for investment in new drugs [Tacconelli18].

The phylogeny and taxonomy of Acinetobacter has changed significantly since its initial discovery in the early 20th century when it was originally designated as Micrococcus and subsequently reclassified as Acinetobacter in 1950 [Peleg08]. The species Acinetobacter baumannii was named and described in the mid-1980s with ATCC 19606 being designated as the type strain [Bouvet86]).

The strain ATCC 17978 is a clinical isolate from 1951 originally named Moraxella glucidolytica nonliquefaciens [Baumann68]. Its genome, sequenced in 2007, is 3,976,746 bp with 3830 ORFs. The genome contains multiple pathogenicity islands that encode genes associated with virulence, such as Type IV secretion systems, drug and heavy metal resistance proteins, fimbriae, and mobile elements [Smith07].

The complete genome presented here is from a substrain, PMR-High, of the original ATCC 17978 strain isolated in vitro from "luria agar plate containing polymyxin B 16 μg/ml" (information from NCBI BioSample: SAMN11304550) submitted on 04-APR-2019 and updated 25-JUL-2019 and contains two unnamed plasmid sequences.

This Pathway/Genome Database (PGDB) was generated by the PathoLogic [Karp11, Karp16] component of Pathway Tools software version 24.5 and MetaCyc [Caspi18] version 24.1 on 06-Jun-2020. Development of this PGDB was supported by BioCyc subscription revenues and by grant GM080746 from the National Institute of Health.

Genome
RepliconTotal GenesProtein GenesRNA GenesPseudogenesSize (bp)NCBI Link
chromosome NZ_CP0390253,7623,60094683,955,017NCBI Assembly:GCF_004797155.2
plasmid NZ_CP03902433902430,876NCBI Assembly:GCF_004797155.2
plasmid NZ_CP039026382701130,410NCBI Assembly:GCF_004797155.2
Total:3,8333,636941034,016,303
Ortholog data available?Yes
Database Contents
Genes3,834
Pathways291
Enzymatic Reactions1,362
Transport Reactions78
Polypeptides3,642
Protein Complexes91
Enzymes863
Transporters370
Compounds1,122
Transcription Units2,627
tRNAs72
Growth Media289
Protein Features4,492
Phenotype Microarray Datasets1
GO Terms5,673
Gene Essentiality Datasets2
Database Version29.0
Taxonomic Lineage cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Pseudomonadota
Gammaproteobacteria
Moraxellales
Moraxellaceae
Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978
Genetic Code Number 11 -- Bacterial, Archaeal and Plant Plastid (same as Standard, except for alternate initiation codons)
BIOSAMPLESAMN11304550
NCBI BioProjectPRJNA224116
NCBI-Taxonomy400667
Geographic LocationSouth Korea
Collection Date2017-12-29/2018-01-29
Relationship to Oxygenaerobe
Trophic Levelheterotroph
Temperature Rangemesophile
Health/Disease Statepathogen
Annotation ProviderNCBI RefSeq
Annotation PipelineNCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP)
Annotation Pipeline Version4.11
Annotation CommentBest-placed reference protein set; GeneMarkS-2+
Copyright 2020, SRI International. All Rights Reserved


References

Baumann68: Baumann P, Doudoroff M, Stanier RY (1968). "A study of the Moraxella group. II. Oxidative-negative species (genus Acinetobacter)." J Bacteriol 95(5);1520-41. PMID: 5650064

Boucher09: Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, Scheld M, Spellberg B, Bartlett J (2009). "Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America." Clin Infect Dis 48(1);1-12. PMID: 19035777

Bouvet86: Bouvet P J M, Grimont P A D (1986). "Taxonomy of the Genus Acinetobacter with the Recognition of Acinetobacter baumannii sp. nov., Acinetobacter haemolyticus sp. nov., Acinetobacter johnsonii sp. nov., and Acinetobacter junii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter lwoffii." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36(2);228-240.

Caspi18: Caspi R, Billington R, Fulcher CA, Keseler IM, Kothari A, Krummenacker M, Latendresse M, Midford PE, Ong Q, Ong WK, Paley S, Subhraveti P, Karp PD (2018). "The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes." Nucleic Acids Res 46(D1);D633-D639. PMID: 29059334

Karp11: Karp PD, Latendresse M, Caspi R (2011). "The pathway tools pathway prediction algorithm." Stand Genomic Sci 5(3);424-9. PMID: 22675592

Karp16: Karp PD, Latendresse M, Paley SM, Krummenacker M, Ong QD, Billington R, Kothari A, Weaver D, Lee T, Subhraveti P, Spaulding A, Fulcher C, Keseler IM, Caspi R (2016). "Pathway Tools version 19.0 update: software for pathway/genome informatics and systems biology." Brief Bioinform 17(5);877-90. PMID: 26454094

Peleg08: Peleg AY, Seifert H, Paterson DL (2008). "Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen." Clin Microbiol Rev 21(3);538-82. PMID: 18625687

Smith07: Smith MG, Gianoulis TA, Pukatzki S, Mekalanos JJ, Ornston LN, Gerstein M, Snyder M (2007). "New insights into Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis revealed by high-density pyrosequencing and transposon mutagenesis." Genes Dev 21(5);601-14. PMID: 17344419

Tacconelli18: Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, Pulcini C, Kahlmeter G, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y, Ouellette M, Outterson K, Patel J, Cavaleri M, Cox EM, Houchens CR, Grayson ML, Hansen P, Singh N, Theuretzbacher U, Magrini N, WHO Pathogens Priority List Working Group (2018). "Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis." Lancet Infect Dis 18(3);318-327. PMID: 29276051


Report Errors or Provide Feedback
Page generated by Pathway Tools version 29.0 (software by SRI International) on Mon Jun 30, 2025, BIOCYC14.