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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a human pathogen most commonly found in the oral cavity, where it causes periodontal disease [MacDonald60]. The strain Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 (at the time known as Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 50) was isolated in 1971 from a clinical specimen in the Institute for Hygiene, University of Cologne [Werner71]. Its genome was sequenced in 2012 as one of the reference genomes of the Human Microbiome Project [Ribeiro12].
The bacterium, which is an obligate anaerobe, is asaccharolytic and highly proteolytic [Shah76]. It invades gingival epithelial cells and releases endopeptidases known as gingipains [Chen92] that degrade the host's matrix metalloproteins, collagen, and fibronectin, impeding wound healing and causing destruction of the periodontal tissues [Wikstrom83, Carlsson84, Sundqvist87]. Another important set of virulence factors are its lipopolysaccharides, which can evade host detection and even down-regulate cytokine production by the host tissue [Sawada07, Coats09].
This Pathway/Genome Database (PGDB) is based on a genome sequenced on 25-June-2012 by RefSeq as part of the Human Microbiome Project. It was generated on 22-May-2018 by the PathoLogic component of the Pathway Tools software (version 22.0) [Karp10, Karp11] using metabolic data from the MetaCyc database (version 22.0) [Caspi14], and was improved by limited manual curation in 2021.
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